Acidity Control After Surface Application of Micronized Liming Material in a Typic Distrudept Under No-Tillage

Abstract The objected to evaluate the pH and soil base saturation (V) values, during 45 months after, surface application and without incorporation of the liming materials in deeper layers of soil. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks in split-plot with four replications. In the plots were studied the dolomitic limestone (DL) and micronized liming materials (MLM) - granulated micronized calcite (GMC) and dolomite (GMD), and carbonated suspension (CS). In the subplots were studied doses of all the liming materials aiming to increase V to 50, 70 and 90% besides of control treatment. We measured the pH and V values in 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers over time (5, 15, 28, 37 and 45 months). The MLM were more efficient to increase and maintain the pH and V, over time, than DL. The doses of MLM aiming V to 50-70% increasing the pH and V of Typic Distrudept. Despite the MLM are more fineness than DL, the effectiveness for soil acidity control in subsoil were inefficient, because theses pH and V increases/maintains occurred just in 0-5 cm layer. However, the MLM present lower gap between the V estimated and obtained, in the 0-5 cm layer, than DL.

O trabalho no cárcere: reflexões acerca da saúde do agente penitenciário / El trabajo en la prisión: reflexiones sobre la salud del guardia penitenciário / The work in prison: reflections on the health of prison officers

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as condições de trabalho de agentes penitenciários e os reflexos do exercício da atividade laboral em sua saúde. Método: pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista aberta com agentes de um presídio regional e submetidos a análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: os resultados revelaram condições de trabalho insatisfatórias por deficiência de recursos materiais e descaso do poder público com as questões inerentes à ressocialização do apenado, resultando em exposição aos riscos psicossociais, insatisfação e desgaste emocional dos trabalhadores. Conclusão: investimentos na segurança dos trabalhadores podem contribuir para a promoção de sua saúde. .

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer las condiciones laborales de guardias de prisión y las consecuencias del ejercicio de la actividad laboral en su salud. Método: investigación cualitativa y descriptiva. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas abiertas con agentes de una cárcel regional y se sometieron a análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática. Resultados: los resultados mostraron condiciones insatisfactorias por la falta de recursos materiales y el abandono por parte del gobierno en los asuntos relacionados con la rehabilitación del condenado, lo que resulta en la exposición a riesgos psicosociales, la insatisfacción y el agotamiento emocional de los trabajadores. Conclusión: las inversiones en la seguridad de los trabajadores pueden contribuir a la promoción de su salud. .

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the working conditions of prison offi cers and the repercutions of labor activity on their health. Method: qualitative and descriptive research. Data were collected through open interviews with the prison offi cers of a regional prision and the speeches were submitted to content analysis. Results: the results showed unsatisfactory working conditions due to poor material resources and neglect of governmental regarding rehabilitation of convicts, resulting in workers’ exposure to psychosocial risks, dissatisfaction, and emotional distress. Conclusion: investments on the security of workers may contribute to their health promotion. .

A castor oil-containing dental luting agent: effects of cyclic loading and storage time on flexural strength

Favorable results in the use of castor oil polyurethane (COP) as pulp capping, membrane material, sealer, mouthwash and in bone repair, associated with the fact that Ricinus communis is not derived from petroleum and it is abundant in Brazil, encourage researches in the development of luting agents. Objectives This study compared the flexural strength (FS) of a castor oil-containing dental luting agent with a weight percentage of 10% (wt%) of calcium carbonate (COP10) with RelyX ARC (RX) after mechanical cycling (MC) and distilled water storage. Material and Methods Sixty-four specimens (25x2x2 mm) were fabricated and divided into two groups, COP10 and RX (control). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups (n=8) according to the storage time, 24 hours (24 h) or 60 days (60 d), and the performance (MC+FS) or not (only FS) of the mechanical cycling test. The FS (10 kN; 0.5 mm/min) and MC tests (10,000 cycles, 5 Hz, 0.5 mm/min) were carried out using an MTS-810 machine. The data were analyzed using ANOVA (α=0.05). Results The obtained FS (MPa) values were: COP10 24h- 19.04±2.41; COP10 60d- 17.92±3.54; RX 24h- 75.19±3.43; RX 60d- 88.77±6.89. All the RX specimens submitted to MC fractured, while the values for COP10 after MC were as follows: COP10 24h- 17.90±1.87 and COP10 60d- 18.60±1.60. Conclusions A castor oil-containing dental luting agent with a weight percentage of 10% (wt%) of calcium carbonate is resistant to mechanical cycling without decreases in flexural strength. However, mean COP10 showed only about 25% of the RelyX ARC mean flexural strength. .

Biocompatibility of Ricinus communis polymer with addition of calcium carbonate compared to titanium. Experimental study in guinea pigs / Biocompatibilidade do polímero de óleo de mamona com acréscimo de carbonato de cálcio comparado ao titânio. Estudo experimental em cobaias.

Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether the difference in inflammatory tissue reaction between the Riccinus communis (castor) polymer with calcium carbonate and the titanium implant is statistically significant. Methods: Thirty-two Cavia porcellus were allocated into four groups of eight animals each. We implanted the two types of materials in the retroperitoneal space of all the animals. They were euthanized at 7, 20, 30 and 40 days after surgery, and an histological study of the samples was conducted. Results: All implants showed characteristics of chronic inflammation regardless of the material and timepoint of evaluation. There was no statistically significant difference between Pm+CaCO3 and Ti with regard to the presence of granulation tissue, tissue congestion, histiocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, giant cells, and fibrosis (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The castor oil polymer plus calcium carbonate implant was not statistically different from the titanium implant regarding inflammatory tissue reaction. .

Objetivo: Determinar se a reação tecidual do implante retroperitoneal do polímero de óleo de mamona com acréscimo de carbonato de cálcio (Pm+CaCO3) é significativa, por meio de análise histopatológica, tendo como controle o implante de titânio não tratado (Ti). Métodos: Estudo experimental, intervencionista e randomizado com 32 cobaias. Os animais foram separados em quatro grupos iguais e eutanasiados com 7, 20, 30 e 40 dias após o ato cirúrgico. Foram confeccionadas lâminas em hematoxilina-eosina e em tricrômio de Masson. Em relação a variáveis qualitativas dicotômicas, para análise da diferença entre o Pm+CaCO3 e o Ti em cada momento de avaliação foi usado o teste binomial. Considerando os materiais separadamente, a comparação dos quatro grupos foi feita utilizandose o teste exato de Fisher. Valores de P<0,05 indicaram significância estatística. Resultados: Todos os implantes apresentaram características de inflamação crônica, independente do material e do momento de avaliação. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o Pm+CaCO3 e o Ti considerando a presença de tecido de granulação, congestão tecidual, histiócitos, linfócitos, neutrófilos, células gigantes e fibrose (P>0,05). Conclusão: Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre a reação tecidual do Pm+CaCO3 e a do Ti. .

Milk improved the metabolic syndrome in obese ß rats / La leche mejoró el síndrome metabólico en ratas obesas ß

The response of adult spontaneously obese rats from the IIMb/Beta strain fed a high calcium skimmed milk diet (MHCa), high calcium from carbonate (HCa) and a normal AIN 93 diet during 45 days was evaluated. Body weight, food intake and fecal fat excretion were measured. At the end of the experiment rats were euthanized, abdominal fat pads and livers were excised and weighed. Blood and liver triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and fractions were quantified. Body weight increase and abdominal fat pads in the MHCa group were significantly lower than in the other two. Plasma triacylglycerols, total and LDL-cholesterol were diminished in the MHCa group. Fecal lipid excretion was increased in the adult MHCa group. Total liver lipids and triacylglycerols showed a significant diminution in the MHCa group. These results suggest that calcium and other bioactive compounds from milk, most probably present in whey fraction, and not calcium carbonate exerted an "anti-obesity" effect on these rats.

Se evaluaron los efectos de dietas con distintos niveles y fuente de calcio sobre parámetros relacionados con el síndrome metabólico en ratas adultas espontáneamente obesas de la línea IIMb/Beta. Se suministraron durante 45 días tres dietas: alto nivel de calcio proveniente de leche descremada (MHCa); alto calcio proveniente de carbonato (HCa) y como referencia AIN 93, normocálcica. Se midieron peso corporal, ingesta de alimento y excreción fecal de grasa. Los animales se sacrificaron y se extrajeron y pesaron los panículos adiposos abdominales y el hígado. Se determinaron triacilgliceroles, colesterol total y fracciones en plasma y en hígado. El aumento de peso corporal, los panículos adiposos abdominales y los valores plasmáticos de triacilgliceroles y de colesterol y fracciones fueron significativamente menores en el grupo MHCa. La excreción fecal de grasa resultó aumentada en el grupo MHCa. Los lípidos totales y los triacilgliceroles hepáticos mostraron una disminución significativa en el grupo MHCa. Los resultados evidencian efectos beneficiosos del calcio de la leche y no del suplemento mineral, sugiriendo que una acción sinérgica con otros compuestos bioactivos, probablemente presentes en el suero de la leche, produciría los efectos "antiobesidad" en estas ratas.

Diametral tensile strength and film thickness of an experimental dental luting agent derived from castor oil

The need to develop new dental luting agents in order to improve the success of treatments has greatly motivated research. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diametral tensile strength (DTS) and film thickness (FT) of an experimental dental luting agent derived from castor oil (COP) with or without addition of different quantities of filler (calcium carbonate - CaCO3). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty specimens were manufactured (DTS N=40; FT N=40) and divided into 4 groups: Pure COP; COP 10 percent; COP 50 percent and zinc phosphate (control). The cements were mixed according to the manufacturers' recommendations and submitted to the tests. The DTS test was performed in the MTS 810 testing machine (10 KN, 0.5 mm/min). For FT test, the cements were sandwiched between two glass plates (2 cm²) and a load of 15 kg was applied vertically on the top of the specimen for 10 min. The data were analyzed by means of one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The values of DTS (MPa) were: Pure COP- 10.94±1.30; COP 10 percent- 30.06±0.64; COP 50 percent- 29.87±0.27; zinc phosphate- 4.88±0.96. The values of FT (µm) were: Pure COP- 31.09±3.16; COP 10 percent- 17.05±4.83; COP 50 percent- 13.03±4.83; Zinc Phosphate- 20.00±0.12. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among the groups (DTS - p=1.01E-40; FT - p=2.4E-10). CONCLUSION: The experimental dental luting agent with 50 percent of filler showed the best diametral tensile strength and film thickness.

Feasibility study of crystallization process for water softening in a pellet reactor

One of the undesirable characteristics of some groundwater sources is hardness, which has some adverse effects on water pipes, boilers and soap consumption. Therefore several treatment processes have been introduced to remove or reduce the hardness from hard waters. One of the new innovations in this regard is crystallization process. Hardness can be removed from hard waters by growth of calcium carbonate crystals in a fluidized bed reactor called pellet reactor. The design, setting up, starts up and reaching optimal condition for calcium carbonate crystallization process in a pellet reactor which has been initially seeded with sand as a crystal citation can be a successful solution for treatment of hard waters. The chemistry of pellet softening process is essentially the same as conventional softening process, instead of precipitation of calcium carbonate which does not have any useful consumption and must be removed once in a while some how, crystallization process in a fluidized bed reactor produces pure solid grain of calcite. These pellets can be used in some industries and are in fact an economic commodity. For this purpose a pilot was set up as a crystallization reactor and water with total hardness ranging from 150 up to 500 mg/l as CaCO 3 was fed to the system with a flow rate of 24 l/hr. To remove hardness, caustic and soda, lime milk was fed to the system separately at first stage at then together. The formation of CaCO 3 crystals on the surface of sands represented the reduction of hardness. An analysis is made for the characteristics of a softed water resulted from the use of caustic soda, lime milk or both as regent

In vitro explant culture of mantle epithelium of freshwater pearl mussel.

The in vitro culture of nacre secreting pallial mantle explants of freshwater pearl producing mussel, Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck) included depuration of pearl mussels with different physical and chemical agents to eradicate various commensals, removal of pallial mantle ribbon, aseptic preparation of explants from the ribbon and transfer of those explants into tissue culture petri dishes. Special synthetic tissue culture media enriched with additives viz., inactivated calf fetal serum and antibiotics were poured into plates with explants. The culture plates were incubated at 30 degrees C in a CO2 incubator at 5%, CO2. The cultures could be maintained for 42-45 days without any contamination. After 12 hr epithelial like cells began to migrate out and formed a complete cell sheet surrounding the explant within 12-15 days. The epithelial cells in the culture indicated functional viability as subsequently after 38-40 days of culture, typical aragonitic 'nacre' crystals of CaCO3 could be observed throughout the culture plates.